TOPIC 5: MEMORY , LEARNING, IMPROVING

DATE: 6 AUGUST 2019

CODE PROGRAM: CS110

VENUE: DK150A

LECTURER: MADAM KHAIRULLIZA

🍇CONTENT🍇

• Memory and learning
• The storage(Retain information)
• How forgetting could occur
• Memories stratergies (How to improve your memory)
• Stratergies for improving concerntration
• Reading/Study system (SQ3R)

🧠MEMORY AND LEARNING🧠

Learning pyramid

Students need to understand how information is learned and understand the needs of using various kind of active learning stratergies in learning, retaining and using the information (encoding, storage and retrieval) and hence, indicates how one learns, remembers and forget.

🔮Part of human brain

🔮What is memory ?

🔮What is brain?

🔮Computer component and what component analogous to human

🥥Encoding / Input
(computer – keyboard, camera ; Human- the 5 senses: ears, mouth, skin, noses, eyes)

🥥Storage
(computer – hard disk, thumb drive ; Human – 3 types of memory – SM, STM, LTM)

🥥Retrieval / Output

(computer – computer screen, printer ; Human- writing talking)

🧠 THE STORAGE 🧠

💎SENSORY MEMORY
1. numerous incoming information from 5 senses will be stored in the sensory memory for an instant.
2. if one PAY ATTENTION to the stimuli, it will go to the short term memory (STM)
3. if one does not pay attention, then the information will be lost
4. therefore, it is very important to pay attention while lecture, reading, and etc

💎SHORT TERM/ WORKING MEMORY (STM)
1. very limited storage. from the SM, information will be delayed to STM.
2. while in the STM, information must be rehearsed/ repeated or use some active learning stratergies in order to get information to LTM, other information will be forgotten.
3. therefore, students must realize that applying memory stratergies is important to strengthen the memory ability.

💎LONG TERM MEMORY(LTM)
1. this is unlimited and large storage
2. from STM, information moved to LTM and stored here for later use (retrieval)

🧠 HOW FORGETTING COULD OCCUR 🧠

1. Did not pay attention to the information
2. Cramming (last minute study)
3. Interferance (Having two exam on same day)
4. Did not understand the information
5. Did not have good stratergies
6. Test anxiety(Negative thought)

🧠 MEMORY STRATEGIES 🧠

Memory stratergies will help students in their encoding, storing, and retrieving the information(helps to remember and recall)

“Remembering is hard work, and memory techniques do not necessarily make it easy, they just make it more effective”

-Kenneth Highbee, (Van Blerkom, 2009, p.93)

🔮Memory strategies (How to improve your memory):

1. Massed practice vs Spaced practice

2. Break reading material down(again no cramming) for some period of time
e.g. 2 chapters per day, not all chapters a day before the exam.

3. Rehearsal- repeat the information many times
e.g. repeat a telephone number 10 times.

4. Elaboration strategies:

• Associations
  – “connect” each word with a person, place, thing, feeling or situation. For example, “My altruistic Aunt Alice gives great gifts” (altruistic means generous)
• Acronyms/Catchwords
  – e.g. MAS – Malaysia Airline System
  -e.g. UiTM – Universiti Teknologi MARA
• Acrostics/Catchphrases
  -e.g. Carnivores – animal eaters
  -e.g. Herbivores- plant eaters
• Imaginary – Visualize the image of information needed
• Organizational strategies – Organize the materials for example animals can be divided into 3 types which are mammals, reptiles, amphibians.
• Comprehension monitoring strategies – Need to comprehend materials being read – SQ3R will be a good stratergy.

🧠 STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING CONCERNTRATION 🧠

Concerntration: Focusing your attention on what you are doing

🔮Causes of poor concerntration:

• Lack of attention
• Uncomfortable environment
• Physiological matters – worries, anxieties
• Distraction of others
• Physiological all matters- illness, tiredness
• Lack of motivation
• Lack of interest

🔮Strategies to improve concentration:

• Use motivational and organizational strategies – create interest in work
• Create a positive learning environment – find a better location
• Deal with internal distractions- deal with personal problems
• Use active learning strategies (as discussed in improving memory)
• Match your learning style to the task
• Monitor your concentration

🧠READING/ STUDY SYSTEM(SQ3R)🧠

Create Awareness; using a study system can help in comprehending reading academic materials due to three factors :

1. Active learning stratergies
2. Use of multisensory methods(eyes, ears, mouth, hand-refer to learning pyramid)
3. Immerse steps for self-testing and review

SQ3R

Survey

• Title : Political system in global perspective.

 Questions

1. Where did first political institutions emerged in?

2. How many types of political systems?

 Read

Answer;

1 .  “Political institutions emerged in agrarian societies as they aqcuired surpluses and developed greter social inequality”

2 . “Four main types of political systems are found in nation-states: monarchy, authoritarianism, totalitarianisms and democracy“

 Recite

• Monarchy is a political system which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance
• Authoritarinism is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.
• Totalitarianism is a political system in which the stare seeks to regulate all aspects of people’s public and private lives
• Democracy is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

 Review

So, political systems is important because they can maintain integration of society by determining norms. thus, it is to adapt and change elements of social, economic, religious systems necessary for achieving collective (political) goals. lastly, is it to protect the integrity of the political system from outside threats.

#SQ3R SUCCESS

ACTIVITY: